Python Number Format

Formatting numbers in Python is necessary to display numbers in a specific format.

Formatting can be used when you want to round off a number to a specific number of decimal places, or when you want you number to be separated by commas.

To format numbers we can use f-string or format() function.

Table Of Contents

Round float to nearest integer
Round float to 2 decimal places
Format percentage value in numbers
Format currency value in numbers
Add comma separator in numbers
Format numbers in scientific notation
Format integer with leading zeros
Conclusion

1. Round float to nearest integer

Let's say we have a float number and we want to round it off to the nearest integer.

We can do this in many ways. Here we have discussed 3 ways to do this.

num = 3.141592653589793

# Method 1:
print("Nearest integer of num is {:.0f}".format(num))

# Method 2:
print(f"Nearest integer of num is {num:.0f}")

# Method 3:
print(f"Nearest integer of num is {round(num)}")

Output:

Nearest integer of num is 3
Nearest integer of num is 3
Nearest integer of num is 3

2. Round float to 2 decimal places

Suppose you want to round off a float number to 2 decimal places or any other number of decimal places.

To do this you can use format specifiers .2f, .3f, or .nf for n decimal places.

num = 3.141592653589793

# Method 1:
print("num round to 2 decimal is {:.2f}".format(num))

# Method 2:
print(f"num round to 2 decimal is {num:.2f}")

Output:

num round to 2 decimal is 3.14
num round to 2 decimal is 3.14

3. Format percentage value in numbers

Format a percentage sign (%) after rounding float to 2 decimal places. For this, you can simply use the % sign after the .2f format specifier.

num = 3.141592653589793

# Method 1:
print("{:.2f}%".format(num))

# Method 2:
print(f"{num:.2f}%")

Output:

3.14%
3.14%

4. Format currency value in numbers

To format an amount as a currency value, you can use the locale module.

locale module lets us work without having to worry about the conventions of a specific locale.

We can use this module to format currency values.

After importing it first set the locale to your country's locale. For example, locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_US') for US locale.

Then use locale.currency() function to format the currency value.

import locale

amount = 525000

# set locale to US
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_US.UTF-8')
# format currency value
doller = locale.currency(amount, grouping=True)
print(doller)

# set locale to India
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_IN.UTF-8')
# format currency value
rupee = locale.currency(amount, grouping=True)
print(rupee)

Output:

$525,000.00
₹5,25,000.00

5. Add comma separator in numbers

Comma separated numbers are easier to read. To add comma separator in numbers use the format specifier {:,} or {:,.nf} for n decimal places.

num = 1234567890.23456789

# Method 1:
print("{:,}".format(num))

# Method 2:
# comma separated with 2 decimal places
print(f"{num:,.2f}")

Output:

1,234,567,890.2345679
1,234,567,890.23

6. Format numbers in scientific notation

Scientific notation is a way of expressing numbers that are too large or too small to be conveniently written in decimal notation.

For example, 1,000,000,000 can be written as 1 x 10⁹ and in scientific notation it is written as 1e9 or 1E9.

To format a number in scientific notation use the format specifier e or E.

num = 123456789

# Method 1:
print("{:e}".format(num))

# Method 2:
print(f"{num:E}")

Output:

1.234568e+09
1.234568E+09

7. Add leading zeros in numbers

Zeros are added to the left of the number to make it of a specific length.

Use the format specifier {0:>n} or {0:0n} to make the number of length n.

num = 123

# Method 1:
print("{:0>6d}".format(num))

# Method 2:
print(f"{num:06d}")

Output:

000123
000123

8. Format Number to Other Base

There are few format specifiers to format a number to other bases.

For example:

:b for binary
:o for octal
:x for hexadecimal

num = 12345

# binary Format
print(f"{num} in binary is {num:b}")

# octal Format
print(f"{num} in octal is {num:o}")

# hexadecimal Format
print(f"{num} in hexadecimal is {num:x}")

Output:

12345 in binary is 11000000111001
12345 in octal is 30071
12345 in hexadecimal is 3039

Conclusion

This is the end of the Python number format tutorial. Now you know how to format numbers in Python.

Use these formatting methods to make the numbers in your project more readable.

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